The climate is, in general, continental mediterranean, with an average temperature in the month of January of 3 ºC and of 25 ºC in the month of July. The annual average precipitation is 580 mm , although it doesn't surpass 400 mm in the capital, Salamanca.

In the topography of Salamanca there are two distinct areas: to the south is the central mountain range, with the mountains of Béjar - the Calvitero and the Toncón -, Peña de Francia - with the mountains of Sequeros, Valero and Linares - and Sierra de Gata; the second area consists of the flatlands of Campo Charro.